Welcome to the Blood Typing Game!

This educational game is based on the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, awarded to Karl Landsteiner for the discovery of human blood groups.

Your challenge is to save patients in urgent need of blood transfusions by determining their blood type and administering safe transfusions.

How to Play

First, perform blood tests using the Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-Rh serums to determine the patient's blood type.
Watch for reactions: Agglutination (clumping) indicates the presence of the corresponding antigen.
Select the correct blood type based on your test results.
Choose a compatible blood bag for transfusion.
Click "Perform Transfusion" to save the patient.

Remember: Giving incompatible blood can cause a dangerous transfusion reaction!

Patient Information

Patient #1

Status: Critical - Needs immediate blood transfusion

Blood Typing

Determine the patient's blood type:

Anti-A Serum

Anti-B Serum

Anti-Rh Serum

Select blood type:

A+ A- B+ B-

AB+ AB- O+ O-

Blood Transfusion

Available Blood Bags

A+

A-

B+

B-

AB+

AB-

O+

O-

Transfusion

Selected blood: None

Game Progress

Patients saved: 0/5

About Blood Types

The ABO and Rh Blood Group Systems

Human blood is categorized into different types based on the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells and antibodies in the blood plasma.

ABO System

The ABO system classifies blood into four main types:

Type A: Has A antigens on red blood cells and B antibodies in plasma
Type B: Has B antigens on red blood cells and A antibodies in plasma
Type AB: Has both A and B antigens on red blood cells and no A or B antibodies in plasma
Type O: Has neither A nor B antigens on red blood cells but has both A and B antibodies in plasma

Rh System

The Rh system is based on the presence or absence of the Rh D antigen:

Rh+ (positive): Has the Rh D antigen on red blood cells
Rh- (negative): Does not have the Rh D antigen on red blood cells

Blood Transfusion Compatibility

For safe blood transfusions, the donor's blood must be compatible with the recipient's blood. If incompatible blood is transfused, the recipient's antibodies can attack the donor's red blood cells, causing a potentially fatal transfusion reaction.

Transfusion Rules:

Type O- is the universal donor (can donate to any blood type)
Type AB+ is the universal recipient (can receive from any blood type)
Recipients can receive blood from their own type or from compatible types
The recipient's antibodies must not react with the donor's antigens

The Nobel Prize Connection

In 1930, Karl Landsteiner was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of human blood groups in 1901. This discovery revolutionized medicine by making blood transfusions safer and saving countless lives.

Later, in 1940, Landsteiner was also part of discovering the Rh blood group system, further advancing our understanding of blood compatibility.

Blood Typing Game